Dutch painter, an important contributor to the De Stijl art movement (neoplasticism: pure abstraction and universality by a reduction to the essentials of form and colour). He is best known for his non-representational paintings (which he called compositions), consisting of rectangular forms of red, yellow, blue, or black.

Composition with Yellow, Blue and Red

In Switzerland you used to often see concrete trucks with a "Mondrian" paint / motif (he would probably have liked that), so to me Mondrian equals concrete truck!

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piet_Mondrian

Russian avant-garde painter, pioneer of geometric abstract art.
He introduced his abstract, non-objective geometric patterns in a style and artistic movement he called Suprematism .

An Englishman in Moscow (1914)

Complexe presentiment (1932)

Black Cross (192? !)

http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/malevich
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasimir_Malevich

Russian painter and art theorist, a pioneer in abstract art. As a synaesthete, he named some of his paintings "improvisations" and "compositions" as if they were works of music and not painting.

Sky Blue (1940)

Struttura Allegra

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasily_Kandinsky
kandinsky on artsy.net

Adolphe Jean Marie Mouron was an influential Ukrainian-French Art Deco commercial poster artist, and typeface designer (inspired by Futurism and Cubism).

http://www.internationalposter.com/intro.cfm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassandre

He has been variously associated with expressionism, cubism and surrealism but his pictures are difficult to classify. They often have a fragile child-like quality to them, and are usually on a small scale. They frequently allude to poetry, music and dreams and sometimes include words or musical notation. The later works are distinguished by spidery hieroglyph-like symbols.

http://www.zpk.org/ww/en/pub/web_root.cfm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Klee

Klee museum in Bern, Switzerland

Among the celebrated painters of the 20th century, he is often associated with the Surrealist movement.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Chagall

Geometric abstraction artist, ~father of the Op-art (optical art; art which use optical illusions).

Diago (from pinimg.com)

(Outdoor Vasarely artwork at the museum in Pecs)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Vasarely

Catalan painter, sculptor and ceramist. Inspired by surrealism and abstract art.

Chiffres et constellations amoureux d’une femme 1941 (acquavellagalleries.com)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Mir%C3%B3

is an American painter who is best known for his photorealistic paintings. The paintings generally consist of reflective, clean, and inanimate city and geometric landscapes.
Richard Estes on wikipedia

Supreme Hardware, 1974

Photorealism in the 1970s’ at Deutsche Guggenheim, Berlin [artblart.wordpress.com]

American painter, known for is rural "midwest" (almost!) realist and (almost) naive paintings.

American Gothic (1930)

American Gothic is one of the few images to reach the status of cultural icon, along with Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa and Edvard Munch's The Scream. It is thus one of the most reproduced — and parodied — images ever.

Fall plowing (1931)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grant_Wood

Italian painter and sculptor. Unique style (elongated faces) ~influenced by primitive art. A womanizer, sick most of his life (+ alcohol and drugs) he died at the age of 35.

Nude Sdraiato (1917)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amedeo_Modigliani

Norwegian expressionist painter. "Master" of "existential anguish" (e.g. "the Scream", 1893)!

Madonna (1895)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edvard_Munch

A prominent American realist painter and printmaker. While most popularly known for his oil paintings, he was equally proficient as a watercolorist and printmaker in etching. In both his urban and rural scenes, his spare and finely calculated renderings reflected his personal vision of modern American life.
Edward Hopper on Wikipedia

Nighthawks (1942)

Compartiment C, voiture 193 (1938)

A collateral descendant of the Elizabethan philosopher Francis Bacon! His artwork was well-known for its bold, semi-abstract, and often grotesque or nightmarish imagery (heavy, ridiculously tortured but impressive)

Pope Innocent X (1953)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Bacon_%28painter%29

Czech poster designer and painter, most well known Art Nouveau artist. I like his poster (before he turned to "traditional" painting!) designs characterized by sinuous lines, flowers and sensual women with long flowing hair.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfons_Mucha

Vertigo, Magic Staircase, 1908

Symbolist painter; mystery and melancholy...

Leon Spilliaert wikipedia article

all-art.org article

French painter, the founder of Neoimpressionism (~Pointillism).
Funny: weirdly contrived and static!

Un dimanche après-midi à l'Ile de la Grande Jatte (1886)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Seurat

Surrealists painter.

The Garden of France, Max Ernst (1962)

L'Ange du foyer (1937?)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Ernst

An Austrian Symbolist painter; one of the most prominent members of the Vienna Art Nouveau (Vienna Secession) movement.

Danae (1907)

The Kiss (1908)

Gustav Klimt on wikipedia

Models reenact Klimt paintings

Member of the Berlin Dada and New Objectivity group. Satire of German society.

Dedicated to Oscar Panizza (1918)

Eclipse of the Sun (1926)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Grosz

Artsy's George Grosz page

A prominent American pop artist, whose work borrowed heavily from popular advertising and comic book styles, which he himself described as being "as artificial as possible."

Girl with Hair Ribbon (1965)

House I (1996)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Lichtenstein

French painter (inspired by cubism as well as surrealism); he developed a sparse vocabulary of mostly cylindrical forms, and he started to limit his palette to the primary colours plus black and white.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernand_Leger

French painters couple, founded the Orphic Cubism movement perceived as step in the transition from Cubism to Abstract art.

Sonia Delaunay, 1914, Prismes électriques (from wikipedia.org)

Robert Delaunay, 1926, Tour Eiffel (from wikipedia.org)

Robert_Delaunay
Sonia Delaunay

Dadaist artist; mockery of art!, readymades etc...

Urinoir (1917 !!)

http://www.marcelduchamp.net